Table 6 The canopy gap-specific means of the two laser metrics (z value and intensity) respective to the four laser echo types (“all,” “first of many,” “last of many,” and “only”) collected by the five canopy gap character classes and the three predefined height classes (<0.3, 0.3–5, and >5 m)
z value | <0.3 m | 0.3–5 m | >5 m | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
All | 0.074 | 0.091 | 0.086 | 0.082 | 0.083 | 1.513 | 1.969 | 1.772 | 1.863 | 2.016 | 8.136 | 7.092 | 7.447 | 7.707 | 7.494 |
First | – | – | – | – | – | 3.907 | 3.921 | 3.837 | 3.946 | 3.925 | 8.464 | 7.287 | 7.873 | 7.732 | 7.641 |
Last | 0.077 | 0.098 | 0.091 | 0.093 | 0.092 | 0.899 | 0.889 | 1.029 | 0.709 | 0.888 | – | – | – | – | – |
Only | 0.073 | 0.088 | 0.084 | 0.078 | 0.079 | 1.245 | 1.538 | 1.571 | 1.141 | 1.473 | 6.691 | 6.415 | 6.368 | 7.707 | 6.988 |
Intensity | <0.3 m | 0.3–5 m | >5 m | ||||||||||||
All | 71.095 | 71.608 | 73.655 | 76.465 | 77.035 | 59.817 | 55.714 | 62.901 | 54.507 | 55.346 | 32.059 | 32.778 | 36.356 | 29.413 | 33.017 |
First | – | – | – | – | – | 31.217 | 31.265 | 34.942 | 27.593 | 31.412 | 26.848 | 26.599 | 27.920 | 26.495 | 27.388 |
Last | 38.325 | 39.194 | 38.345 | 40.686 | 40.303 | 33.388 | 35.573 | 35.543 | 36.547 | 34.820 | – | – | – | – | – |
Only | 83.785 | 85.695 | 86.857 | 90.444 | 91.167 | 75.857 | 73.349 | 75.829 | 76.782 | 75.515 | 55.847 | 56.264 | 60.002 | 56.205 | 58.510 |